GoBackend.dev https://gobackend.dev Practical guides on Go, APIs, PostgreSQL, microservices, cloud, testing and performance. Learn Go by building production systems. en-us Designing a Production-Ready Go Backend: Architecture, Reliability and Operations https://gobackend.dev/architecture/production-ready-go-backend https://gobackend.dev/architecture/production-ready-go-backend How the pieces of a production Go backend fit together: application architecture, reliability patterns, data, messaging, security, observability, and deployment — plus when to choose a monolith, modular monolith, or microservices. Mon, 03 Aug 2026 00:00:00 GMT architecture Scaling PostgreSQL for Go Applications: Read Replicas, Connection Pools and Query Performance https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/scaling-postgresql-go-applications https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/scaling-postgresql-go-applications A practical order of operations for scaling PostgreSQL under a growing Go service: query optimization first, then pooling, then read replicas — and why the order matters. Mon, 27 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT postgresql Advanced Go Concurrency: Worker Pools, Backpressure and Bounded Concurrency https://gobackend.dev/go/advanced-go-concurrency https://gobackend.dev/go/advanced-go-concurrency Why unbounded goroutines don't scale: semaphore-based bounded concurrency, backpressure, errgroup, goroutine leaks, and a real benchmark comparing the two. Mon, 20 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT go Database Transactions in Go: Isolation Levels, Locks and Real-World Failures https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/database-transactions-go https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/database-transactions-go PostgreSQL transaction isolation levels in Go, explained through a real race condition: lost updates, SELECT FOR UPDATE, and why app-level locking isn't enough. Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT postgresql Kubernetes for Go Developers: Deploying a Production-Ready Go API https://gobackend.dev/cloud/kubernetes-go-api https://gobackend.dev/cloud/kubernetes-go-api What actually happens when Kubernetes sends your Go process SIGTERM, and the Deployment, Service, probe, and resource config a production Go API needs. Mon, 06 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMT cloud Securing Go REST APIs: Authentication, Authorization and Common Attack Surfaces https://gobackend.dev/security/securing-go-rest-api https://gobackend.dev/security/securing-go-rest-api Practical Go API security: authentication vs authorization, JWT and refresh tokens, object-level authorization, SQL injection, CORS, and a production checklist. Mon, 29 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT security Circuit Breakers in Go: Preventing Cascading Failures https://gobackend.dev/microservices/circuit-breaker-go https://gobackend.dev/microservices/circuit-breaker-go Implementing a circuit breaker in Go to stop cascading failures — closed/open/half-open states, and why combining it with retries incorrectly makes things worse. Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT microservices Idempotent Consumers in Go: Handling Duplicate Messages Safely https://gobackend.dev/distributed-systems/idempotent-consumers-go https://gobackend.dev/distributed-systems/idempotent-consumers-go Why message consumers must assume duplicate delivery, and how to implement deduplication in Go and PostgreSQL without a race condition. Mon, 15 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT distributed-systems Event-Driven Architecture with Go: Events, Consumers and Failure Handling https://gobackend.dev/microservices/event-driven-architecture-go https://gobackend.dev/microservices/event-driven-architecture-go Designing event-driven Go services: commands vs events, consumer groups, ordering, and why every consumer must handle duplicate delivery. Mon, 08 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT microservices Distributed Locks in Go: Redis, PostgreSQL and the Problems You Need to Understand https://gobackend.dev/distributed-systems/distributed-locks-go https://gobackend.dev/distributed-systems/distributed-locks-go Implementing distributed locks in Go with Redis and PostgreSQL advisory locks — lock ownership, TTLs, fencing tokens, and why a naive SET-based lock is unsafe. Mon, 01 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT distributed-systems Load Testing a Go API: Finding the Real Bottleneck https://gobackend.dev/performance/load-testing-go-api https://gobackend.dev/performance/load-testing-go-api Load testing a Go API with k6: throughput, p50/p95/p99 latency, and a systematic way to find whether the bottleneck is the app, the database, or the network. Mon, 25 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT performance Observability for Go Microservices: Logs, Metrics and Traces https://gobackend.dev/microservices/go-microservices-observability https://gobackend.dev/microservices/go-microservices-observability The three pillars of observability for Go microservices — structured logs, Prometheus metrics, and distributed traces — and how they differ from monitoring. Mon, 18 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT microservices Building Background Workers in Go with Goroutines and Channels https://gobackend.dev/go/go-background-workers https://gobackend.dev/go/go-background-workers A production-oriented worker pool in Go: bounded concurrency, graceful shutdown, panic recovery, and why 'go process(job) for every job' is dangerous. Mon, 11 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT go The Outbox Pattern with Go and PostgreSQL https://gobackend.dev/microservices/outbox-pattern-go-postgresql https://gobackend.dev/microservices/outbox-pattern-go-postgresql Solving the dual-write problem between PostgreSQL and a message broker with the transactional outbox pattern, implemented in Go. Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 GMT microservices Idempotency in APIs: Preventing Duplicate Payments and Requests https://gobackend.dev/backend/api-idempotency-go https://gobackend.dev/backend/api-idempotency-go Implementing idempotency keys in Go and PostgreSQL to prevent duplicate payments and orders when clients retry after a timeout. Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT backend Retries, Timeouts and Backoff in Go: Building Resilient Services https://gobackend.dev/microservices/go-retries-timeouts-backoff https://gobackend.dev/microservices/go-retries-timeouts-backoff A practical HTTP client with timeouts, exponential backoff, and jitter — and why retries should never be applied blindly to every request. Mon, 20 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT microservices Caching in Go: Redis, Cache-Aside and Cache Invalidation https://gobackend.dev/backend/caching-go-redis https://gobackend.dev/backend/caching-go-redis A practical cache-aside implementation in Go with Redis: TTLs, cache stampedes, invalidation strategies, and when caching is the wrong call. Mon, 13 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT backend API Rate Limiting in Go: Token Bucket, Middleware and Distributed Limits https://gobackend.dev/backend/api-rate-limiting-go https://gobackend.dev/backend/api-rate-limiting-go Rate limiting a Go API in practice: token bucket vs sliding window, an in-memory middleware implementation, and why it breaks across multiple replicas. Mon, 06 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT backend PostgreSQL Connection Pooling in Go: pgxpool Explained https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/postgresql-connection-pooling-go https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/postgresql-connection-pooling-go How pgxpool connection pooling actually works in Go: MaxConns, MinConns, connection lifetimes, pool exhaustion, and why raising MaxConns isn't always the fix. Mon, 30 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT postgresql Building a Go API with Clean Architecture Without Overengineering https://gobackend.dev/backend/go-clean-architecture https://gobackend.dev/backend/go-clean-architecture A practical take on Clean Architecture in Go: handler/service/repository separation, dependency direction, and knowing when to stop adding abstractions. Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT backend Testing Go Backend Applications: Unit, Integration and HTTP Tests https://gobackend.dev/testing/testing-go-backend https://gobackend.dev/testing/testing-go-backend A practical testing strategy for Go backend services: table-driven unit tests, httptest for handlers, mocks for services, and integration tests against a real PostgreSQL database. Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT testing Profiling Go Applications with pprof https://gobackend.dev/performance/pprof-go https://gobackend.dev/performance/pprof-go Profile CPU, memory, and goroutines in a running Go HTTP service with net/http/pprof, and learn to read the profiles to find real performance problems. Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT performance REST vs gRPC for Go Microservices https://gobackend.dev/microservices/rest-vs-grpc-go https://gobackend.dev/microservices/rest-vs-grpc-go A practical comparison of REST/JSON and gRPC for Go microservices, with a decision matrix covering performance, streaming, debugging, and browser compatibility. Mon, 02 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT microservices Go Microservices: A Practical Project Structure https://gobackend.dev/microservices/go-microservice-project-structure https://gobackend.dev/microservices/go-microservice-project-structure A practical, minimal project structure for Go microservices: service boundaries, internal packages, configuration, migrations, and Docker — without over-engineering. Mon, 23 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT microservices EXPLAIN ANALYZE in PostgreSQL: How to Find Slow Queries https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/postgresql-explain-analyze https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/postgresql-explain-analyze How to read PostgreSQL EXPLAIN ANALYZE output to diagnose slow queries: sequential vs index vs bitmap scans, join strategies, row estimates, and buffers. Mon, 16 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT postgresql PostgreSQL Indexes: A Practical Guide for Backend Engineers https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/postgresql-indexes https://gobackend.dev/postgresql/postgresql-indexes A practical guide to PostgreSQL indexing for backend engineers: B-tree, GIN, composite and partial indexes, selectivity, overhead, and when indexes hurt performance. Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT postgresql Building a Production-Ready REST API with Go https://gobackend.dev/backend/production-go-rest-api https://gobackend.dev/backend/production-go-rest-api A clean, minimal-abstraction project structure for production Go REST APIs: routing, configuration, handlers, services, repositories, validation, error handling, logging, middleware, and health checks. Mon, 02 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT backend Graceful Shutdown in Go HTTP Servers https://gobackend.dev/go/graceful-shutdown-go https://gobackend.dev/go/graceful-shutdown-go Implement graceful shutdown for Go HTTP servers: handling SIGTERM and SIGINT, draining active requests, shutdown timeouts, and Kubernetes readiness. Mon, 26 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT go Go Interfaces: Design Small, Testable Components https://gobackend.dev/go/interfaces-in-go https://gobackend.dev/go/interfaces-in-go Design small, focused Go interfaces for dependency injection, mocking, and testable backend code, with realistic service and repository examples. Mon, 19 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT go Context in Go: Cancellation, Deadlines and Request Propagation https://gobackend.dev/go/context-in-go https://gobackend.dev/go/context-in-go Understand Go's context.Context: cancellation, deadlines, timeouts and request-scoped propagation, with practical HTTP and database examples. Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT go